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Natural Language Processing has two major sub-categories: text and speech. Both include activities like: recognizing distinct words, deciding what part-of-speech the word is, parsing an utterance into phrases, generating new text / speech and translating text / speech from one language to another. Each of these steps has its own community of researchers.

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Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology A 1996 high-level review of: spoken/written input, analysis and understanding, generation, speech output, discourse and dialogue, document processing, multiple languages and modes, transmission and storage, mathematical methods, other resources, how to ev cslu.cse.ogi.edu/HLTsurvey

Language Technology Group Helpdesk FAQ Questions and answers on a wide range of language processing topics, with keyword index. www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/helpdesk/faq/index.html

SULTRY: The Sydney University Language Technology Research Laboratory An institute which applies natural language processing research to problems of human-computer interaction. Selected publications, academic information, and descriptions of current projects. www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au

Bibliography of Research in Natural Language Generation A part of the Computer Science Bibliography Collection, providing references for papers published through 1994. Searchable, browsable. liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Ai/nlg.html

ELDA: The European Language Resource Distribution Agency The practical arm of the ELRA agency, dedicated to solving practical and legal problems in the distribution of language resources. Legal information, catalog of resources for sale, current projects. www.elda.fr

"String Searching Algorithms" Book String Searching Algorithms: exact / approximate string matching, edit distances, common sequences, longest repetitions. homepages.tesco.net/~gas/ssa

The Natural Language Software Registry A "concise summary of the capabilities and sources of language processing software available to researchers. It comprises academic, commercial and proprietary software with theory, specifications and terms on which it can be acquired clearly indicated." www.dfki.de/lt/registry

Language Technologies Institute A research program at Carnegie Mellon University, focusing on machine translation and speech processing. Includes news, admissions procedures, staff profiles and current projects. www.lti.cs.cmu.edu

Teaching materials for statistical NLP Centered around Eugene Charniak's book "Statistical Language Learning", this page features a book review, some notes, sample solutions to exercises in the book, and a small corpus with which to experiment. www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~chrisbr/charniak.html

Grammatical Inference Repository of information on grammatical inference, automata induction, and language acquisition. www.cs.iastate.edu/~honavar/gi/gi.html

Mingsee, Inc. Develops systems which enable computers to analyse and "understand" text by using proprietary algorithms. www.mingsee.com

DISC Best Practice Guide Information, standards and tools to support the development of Spoken Language Dialogue Systems. www.disc2.dk

Natural Language FAQs Selected FAQ lists from Usenet groups related to natural language processing. www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/faqs/ai/nlp/top.html

INFOLINGUA : Natural Language Processing References in computational linguistics, morphology, parsing, lexicography, text understanding, text generation, interfaces, automatic translation, CALL, speech processing, quantitative linguistics, automatic indexing, character recognition, literary comp pages.infinit.net/consab/infolingua

CMU AI Repository - NLP area Machine readable parts of NLP textbooks, NLP corpora and dictionaries, fonts, and software. www-2.cs.cmu.edu/../../../ai-repository/ai/areas/nlp/0.html

Link Grammar A formalism for the computational parsing of English. Includes parser with downloadable source code, English-to-German translator, documentation, bibliography. www.link.cs.cmu.edu/link

VerbMobil Mobile translation system for the translation of spontaneous speech in face-to-face situations. verbmobil.dfki.de/overview-us.html

Crux Editions Scientific publisher and consultant specializing in language technology. www.crux.net

Automated Analysis of Natural Language Texts Megaputer white paper about popular text analysis methods and possible business opportunities. Part of documentation for TextAnalyst software. www.megaputer.com/tech/wp/tm.php3

MIETTA-II : A Multilingual Information Environment Project funded by the European Commission which aims at developing a system for setting up multi-lingual information portals using natural language technology. Site is available in English, German, Italian and French, and includes product papers and annu www.mietta.info

MITRE Language Technology Projects Descriptions of projects covering a wide range of language technology applications. Includes a slide presentation and summary chart for each project. www.mitre.org/work/ird_human_language.html

PetaMem Corporation developing natural language technology solutions for global business. Includes corporate information, some online demos and catalog of services. www.petamem.com

Australasian Language Technology Association Information about language technology in Australia and New Zealand. Includes mailing lists, general information, and links to research and training in Australasia. www.alta.asn.au

European Language Resource Association A nonprofit organization serving the commercial language resource community. Site features quarterly newsletter, official definition of "language resource," and member services. www.elra.info

References on Zipf's Law An academic bibliography on this relation between a word's frequency in a text and its place in a ranking of words by frequency. Includes some online texts. www.nslij-genetics.org/wli/zipf/index.html

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