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Empedocles of Acragas (or Akragas or Agrigentum), fl. mid-5th BC. One of the greatest of the Greek Presocratic thinkers, he put forth a view of the world as composed of four elements, earth, air, fire and water, whose relation to one another was governed by the principles of Love and Strife. He is generally considered either a "qualitative pluralist" or an Eleatic thinker.

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Links:

Empedocles Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article. Summarizes this early Greek thinker's thought and presents what is known about his life. www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/empedocl.htm

Empedocles: Fragments and Commentary From the Hanover Historical Texts Project. Arthur Fairbanks translations of the fragments of Empedocles. history.hanover.edu/texts/presoc/emp.htm

Empedocles of Agrigentum at Peithô's Web Includes the Leonard translation of the Empedocles' fragments alongside the original Greek, as well as the Life of Empedocles from Diogenes Laertius. classicpersuasion.org/pw/empedocles

The Structure of Empedocles' Fragment 17 A 2000 paper by Simon Trepanier. An intensive study of this, the longest and most illuminating of Empedocles' fragments. www.humboldt.edu/~essays/paper1.html

Empedocles Course notes, providing a concise introduction to this thinker and pointing out some questions raised by his thought. www.abu.nb.ca/Courses/GrPhil/Empedocles.htm

Empedocles of Acragas Biographical article by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson. Includes glossary and links to biographies of related thinkers. www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/../Mathematicians/Empedocles.html

Empedocles Lecture notes by S. Marc Cohen, presenting Empedocles as part of the pluralistic response to Parmenides' teachings. faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/emped.htm

Cosmos of the Ancients: Empedocles Short article by Stephen Stenudd reviewing the cosmological aspects of Empedocles' writings, and Aristotle's reaction to them. www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/empedocles.htm

An Empedocles Bibliography A list of writings about this thinker in various European languages. www.presocratics.org/empedocles.htm