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Abu Zayd Abd-Al-Rahman Ibn Khaldûn was born in Tunis in 1332 of a Spanish Arab family. Arguably the greatest of the medieval Arab scholars, his thinking has impacted the fields of cultural history, historiography, sociology, political science, philosophy of history, and education. His magnum opus, the Muqaddamah (Introduction) of 1377, represents the earliest critical study of history. In it, he explains how social cohesiveness binds societies together; and maintains that the rise, change, and fall of societies follow natural laws that can be empirically discovered.

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Links:

Muslims Online - Ibn Khaldun, 1332-1395 C.E. A biography and outline of beliefs written by Dr. A. Zahoor. salam.muslimsonline.com/~azahoor/khaldun.html

Islamic Gateway - Ibn Khaldun An overview of Khaldun's contributions to philosophy of history and sociology. www.ummah.org.uk/history/scholars/KHALDUN.html

Ibm Khaldun - Father of Economics Paper by Ibrahim M. Oweiss citing Khaldun's writings as the inspiration of modern economic theory and of Adam Smith himself. www.georgetown.edu/oweiss/ibn.htm

Encyclopaedia of the Orient: Ibn Khaldoun A short biography. lexicorient.com/../..//i-cias.com/e.o/ibn_khal.htm

Muslim Philosophy: Ibn Khaldun A history of the philospher. www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/klf.htm

Ibn Khaldun on the Web Extensive web directory and guide to the great Arab historian and philosopher of history, including articles, academic papers, online books, and web biographies. www.isidore-of-seville.com/ibnkhaldun

Islamic Political Thought: Ibn Khaldun Paper by R. J. Kilcullen, briefly summarizing Khaldun's theories on the rise and fall of states and civilizations. www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/y67s17.html

In the Liberal Tradition: Ibn Khaldun Short profile of Khaldun and his place in the Western liberal tradition, provided by the Acton Institute. www.acton.org/research/libtrad/khaldun.html

Ibn Khaldun and Comte - Discontinuity or Progress Short essay that argues for including a session on Ibn Khaldun (comparing him to Comte) in a social theory syllabus. userpage.fu-berlin.de/~frers/ibn_khaldun.html

Ibn Khaldun Discussion Discussion board devoted to Khaldun and his works. mothboard.com/board.php?board=Ibn%20Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun and Our Age Paper by James Kalb giving a treatment of Khaldun's philosophy of society and its applicability in the modern day. jkalb.org/book/view/23

Liberal Thinkers: Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Mu-hammad Ibn Khaldun A short biography from the site of Liberal International. www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=670