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Xun Zi (Xunzi, Hsun Tzu, Hsun-tse, Hsun K'uang, Xun Kuang), c. 325 BC - 238 BC. Early Confucian scholar who led the Chinese philosophical tradition in a rationalistic direction. He argued that human nature is originally bad, and for that reason is often placed in opposition to Mencius, who argued that it is originally good.

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The School of Hsun Tzu Short article reviewing the history and doctrines of this Confucian tradition. Part of the PHILTAR Overview of World Religions. philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/confuc/hsun.html

The History of the Xunzi Text Illustrated article on the various arrangements and editions of this text, by John Knoblock. www.miami.edu/phi/bio/Buddha/xunwork.htm

Xun Kuang An illustrated biography by John Knoblock. www.miami.edu/phi/bio/Buddha/xunbio.htm

Xunzi and the Ancient Chinese Philosophical Debate on Human Nature A 2002 article from Anthropoetics, by Herbert Plutschow. Reviews Xunzi's contribution to this debate and its legacy in East Asian thought. www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap0801/xunzi.htm